cbse class 10th Acid bases and salts important notes.

- Acids are substances that can donate a proton (H+) to another substance, leading to an increase in the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

- Bases are substances that can accept a proton, leading to a decrease in the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. Examples of bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ammonia (NH3).

- The strength of an acid or base is determined by its ability to donate or accept protons, respectively. Strong acids and bases completely dissociate in water, while weak acids and bases only partially dissociate.

- The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, with values ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). A pH of 7 is considered neutral.

- Salts are formed when an acid reacts with a base, resulting in the neutralization of both substances. The cation of the base combines with the anion of the acid to form the salt.

- Common types of salts include table salt (sodium chloride - NaCl), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and potassium sulfate (K2SO4).

- Salts can be either acidic, basic, or neutral depending on the nature of the acid and base that combine to form them. Acidic salts contain a cation derived from a weak base and an anion derived from a strong acid, while basic salts contain a cation derived from a strong base and an anion derived from a weak acid. Neutral salts contain a cation and anion derived from strong acids and bases.