class 10th cbse science important notes!!

1. Chemical reactions involve the breaking and formation of chemical bonds, resulting in the transformation of reactants into products.

2. The law of conservation of mass states that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction, meaning that the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products.

3. Chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions. They consist of reactants on the left side of the arrow and products on the right side.

4. The coefficients in a chemical equation represent the ratio of moles of each substance involved in the reaction.

5. Reactants are substances that undergo a chemical reaction, while products are the substances that are formed as a result of the reaction.

6. Types of chemical reactions include combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion reactions.

7. Balancing a chemical equation involves adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products so that the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides of the equation.

8. In a combustion reaction, a substance reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat. This type of reaction is commonly used in processes like burning fuels.

9. Reversible reactions can proceed in both the forward and reverse directions. The equilibrium constant, K, is used to quantify the extent of a reversible reaction.

10. Understanding chemical reactions and equations is essential in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental science. It allows scientists to predict and control chemical reactions for various applicatio

1. **Chemical Reactions and Equations**:

   - Understand the types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion.

   - Balance chemical equations and understand the Law of Conservation of Mass.

   - Learn about exothermic and endothermic reactions.

2. **Acids, Bases, and Salts**:

   - Know the properties of acids, bases, and salts.

   - Understand the pH scale and indicators.

   - Learn about the reaction of acids with metals, metal oxides, and metal carbonates.

3. **Metals and Non-metals**:

   - Understand the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals.

   - Learn about reactivity series and displacement reactions.

   - Know the extraction process of metals like iron, aluminium, and copper.

4. **Carbon and its Compounds**:

   - Understand the bonding in carbon compounds - covalent bonding.

   - Study the different forms of carbon - diamond, graphite, and fullerenes.

   - Learn about functional groups and the nomenclature of organic compounds.

5. **Periodic Classification of Elements**:

   - Learn about the modern periodic table and its trends - atomic number, atomic mass, valency, etc.

   - Understand the classification of elements into metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

6. **Life Processes**:

   - Study the various life processes like nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion in living organisms.

   - Understand the structure and functioning of the respiratory and circulatory systems.

7. **Control and Coordination**:

   - Learn about the nervous system and hormonal system in humans.

   - Understand the reflex arc and the role of hormones in coordination.

8. **How Do Organisms Reproduce?**:

   - Study the different modes of reproduction in organisms - asexual and sexual reproduction.

   - Learn about the reproductive organs and the process of fertilization.

9. **Heredity and Evolution**:

   - Understand the principles of inheritance - Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment.

   - Study the evidence for evolution - fossil records, homologous and analogous structures, embryological evidence.

10. **Light - Reflection and Refraction**:

    - Learn about the laws of reflection and refraction.

    - Study the formation of images by plane and spherical mirrors, and lenses.

    - Understand the concept of refraction through a glass slab and prism.

Make sure to go through these topics thoroughly and practice solving related questions and numerical problems to ace your CBSE Class 10 Science exam!ns.